Journal of English Language for Linguistics and Literary Studies
Published by: Al-Iraqia University – College of Education for Women (Department of English) Print ISSN: (3006-323X) Online ISSN: (3006-3248) Language: English Language only. Subjects: English Language; Literature, Linguistics, Translation, Methodology & philosophy. License: Journal of English Language for Linguistics and Literary Studies (JELLLS( Is a peer-reviewed Journal published by the Department of English Language in the College of Education for Women, Al-Iraqia University, funded by the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Baghdad - Republic of Iraq. Its scope is local in that it welcomes papers from academics, researchers, and policymakers. Authors need to register as an author with the journal prior to submitting their work, it is recommended that the researchers write their research according to the journal guidelines Submissions that do not adhere to the guidelines provided will be REJECTED. Please submit your paper through the online submission of this journal. You may address further inquiries to the Editor at jellls@aliraqia.edu.iq JELLLS Journal is published twice a year, in December and June.
College of Education for Women | Aliraqia University
The Firewall and the Flesh: Staging the Digital Panopticon in Tim J. Lord s The Honeycomb Trilogy
Cyber security issue becomes increasingly important in digital era, thus, this paper explores the way The Honeycomb Trilogy, and the focus is on the “We declare you a terrorist…” projects a dramatic vision of the digital panopticon, where technological surveillance coincides with biopolitical control to turn the human body into both target and medium of force. Drawing on Michel Foucault’s panopticism and extending it with Gilles Deleuze's societies of control, Shoshana Zuboff’s surveillance capitalism, and Donna Haraway’s cyborg theory, the work compares the trilogy with contemporary digital and posthumanist theatre. Actually, the trilogy tells us the producers of suffering are in one place, and the sufferers are encased in the mechanical; II and III are alike. The analysis suggests that the plays show the move from architectural surveillance to distributed and algorithmic monitoring. They make systems of control that are otherwise invisible by nature visible in the theatre—live. The paper also shows how the text represents the body as data, looks at the gendered aspects of surveillance, and discusses how stage technologies act toward other actors inside a networked production environment. It also examines how audiences mimic the gaze of the Panopticon, making them fair game for surveillance everywhere (not just on some stages), but just as theatre becomes one place to subvert and confront all this watching, so too does it lie under suspicion. Ultimately, it argues that the trilogy reconceptualises embodiment as a basis for resistance, underlining how touch, voice, and human vulnerability work against digital abstraction. In staging the tussle between technological control and human presence, it reveals the moral conflicts of contemporary surveillance culture and underscores how live theatre continues to be a relevant platform for challenging political visibility and autonomy.
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of English Language for Linguistics and Literary Studies
Book Review: Machine Translation and Translation Theory
The Role of the Reader in Postmodern Texts: A Reader Response Analysis of Italo Calvino s "If on a Winter's Night a Traveler"
Postmodern works reject the idea of absolute meaning, instead embracing randomness and chaos. Postmodern novels often use unreliable narrators to increase ambiguity through excessive subjectivity and prevent readers from finding meaning in the story. Characteristics of this era include intertextuality, fragmentation, and multiple narratives. Among the theories that emerged from this era is reader-response theory. Reader-response theory emerged in the 1960s and 1970s as a reaction to the dominant approach of New Criticism, which focused on the text itself rather than the reader’s response to it. Proponents of reader-response theory argue that by emphasizing the role of the reader in shaping meaning, this approach offers a more democratic and inclusive vision of literature. This article aims to descriptively examine a work that deliberately engages with the reader and makes him the protagonist of its vision, Italo Calvino’s novel So on a Winter’s Night a Traveler, which represents a conscious textual game that uses various techniques such as authorial discontinuity, reader participation, open structure, nonlinearity, fragmentation, multiplicity, and intertextuality. The writer highlights his presence and the status of the novel as a purely artistic work throughout the work through different patterns of textual play such as commenting on the process of writing the novel, the reader who reads the novel, the author who appears in the novel as one of the characters of the novel with his own identity, and the reader as a character in the novel, seeking to attract attention through the beginning and end of the novel, transcending time and place, referring to other existing or imaginary works of art, and meeting classical works of art. This article analyzes the effectiveness of Calvino. In these pages we will talk about the role of the reader in analyzing this novel. This article contains key questions, including: How did the reader respond to the writer and become the protagonist of the novel? What is the nature of the novel and how does it differ from other visions? The methodology includes a careful analysis based on Louis Rosablatt's approach to analyzing the reader's response and reaching the depths of complex humanity.
The Artistic Imagery in the Poetry of Ka'ab bin Zuhair
This study discusses the use of creative imagery in the poetry of Kaʿb ibn Zuhair, a prominent poet from the early Islamic era. The study begins with an exposition of the theoretical basis of the visual image, as examined by traditional Arab critics such al-Jāḥiẓ and Qudāmah ibn Jaʿfar. It stresses the importance of imagination, simile, metaphor, and rhetorical innovation in developing poetic expression. The study explores Kaʿb's life, poetic upbringing, and eventual conversion to Islam. It places his work within both pre-Islamic and early Islamic literary traditions. The study discusses imagery relating to nature, light and darkness, love, and religious symbolism to show how Kaʿb converted the traditional qaṣīdah into a means of spiritual expression. The study showed that Kaʿb ibn Zuhair's poetry not only exemplified Arab eloquence but also helped establish Prophetic praise poetry as a prominent genre in Arabic literature.
The Impact of Transmission on Shaping the Methodologies of Basra and Kufa
This study looks at how transmission affects the development and perception of the Basran and Kufan grammatical methodologies. The article explains how the Kufans used aural evidence and Qurʾānic recitation to influence their approach, while the Basrans relied on analogies. The study contends that the distinctions between the two schools were not as doctrinally strict as later scholars claimed. Later transmitters, particularly Ibn al-Anbārī, often misinterpreted or twisted previous grammatical judgments, leading to the discrepancy. The study analyzes al-Inṣāf fī Masāʾil al-Khilāf and finds that many of the claimed disputes were caused by instability in transmission, selective citation, and anachronistic attribution rather than true rivalry between Basra and Kufa.
Performing Racial Trauma: Fragmented Subjectivity in Kennedy s Funnyhouse of a Negro and Jackie Sibblies Drury s Fairview
This paper analyzes how trauma is aesthetically represented in Adrienne Kennedy’s Funnyhouse of a Negro (1964) and Jackie Sibblies Drury’s Fairview (2018), focusing on the theoretical lens provided by Cathy Caruth. Trauma, as understood by Caruth, is marked by belatedness, repetition, and an inability to be fully assimilated into conscious experience. This paper asks three key research questions: How do Kennedy and Drury represent trauma formally and thematically in their plays? In what ways does Cathy Caruth's theory help illuminate the psychological and historical dimensions of these works? And how do these plays challenge theatrical conventions to embody the aesthetics of trauma? Kennedy and Drury use theatrical fragmentation, non-linear temporality, meta-theatrical devices, and psychological dissociation to embody these characteristics of trauma. In doing so, both plays confront the lasting effects of racialised violence, identity fragmentation, and epistemic injustice. This paper argues that the theatrical aesthetics of both plays do not merely portray trauma as a theme; rather, trauma structures their very form, rupturing realism and coherence to evoke the disorientation inherent in the traumatic experience.
A Corpus-Based Analysis of Arabic-English Translation of the Qur'anic Terms "Yakhsha" and "Yakhaf"
The current study is about a meticulous analysis of English translations of Qur’anic terms “Yakhsha” and “Yakhaf”. The Contextualised (CM) and Non-Contextualised methods (NCM) are applied to analyse the linguistic implications that are found in the body of the text. It is hypothesised that the Qur’anic translators are expected to render the meaning of the aforementioned terms successfully. By making use of the corpus-based analysis, the study aims to reach out the fact that how different translators produced suitable Qur’anic translations. The employment of the Qur’an Corpus program presents an evidence-based argument for analysis. The study contributes to comprehending the process of rendering Qur’anic terms highlighted above into English and sheds light on success and failure in transferring the meaning of the Glorious Qur’an into English to pave the way to understanding of the Qur’anic language complexity. Finally, the study validates its hypothesis.
Artificial Intelligence and Legal Translation: Collaboration or Competition?
Artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized many fields, legal translation being no exception, and has raised fundamental questions on whether it is a friend or foe of human translators. Legal translation is context-sensitive and accurate transfer of meaning from one legal system to another where accuracy and consistency matter the most. The current study juxtaposes AI as a colleague or rival of human translators in the context of legal translation. The study aims to compare the accuracy, reliability, and limitations of machine translation software, Google Translate and ChatGPT, and human translation of Arabic judicial texts. There is an eclectic analytical model where the study employs linguistic, legal, and translation studies frameworks in which the efficacy of AI in managing legal terminology, phrases, and contextual nuance is tested. The study presupposes that AI, while improving efficiency in translation, will be unable to manage the higher-level subtleties of legal terminology. The study adopts comparative analysis for verifying or falsifying the assumptions and determines the extent to which AI can replace or complement human ability in legal translation. The findings enlighten the debate on AI use in legal translation and its effects on the practice in the future.
The Academic Book Review of the Book "الذكاء الاصطناعي وتأثيره في ترجمة الشعر" (Artificial Intelligence and Its Impact on Poetry Translation)
A Lacanian Reading of Violence- Desire and the Body in Sarah Kane's Cleansed and Will Arbery's Heroes of the Fourth Turning
This paper explores how Sarah Kane’s Cleansed and Will Arbery’s Heroes of the Fourth Turning dramatize the relationship between violence, desire, and the body through Jacques Lacan’s psychoanalytic framework. Central to the study are Lacanian concepts including the Real, the Symbolic, the Imaginary, the Mirror Stage, Desire and the Other, and the Name of the Father. The analysis emphasizes the Three Orders, the Mirror Stage and fragmented body, and the dynamics of lack and desire as crucial tools for understanding the psychic dimensions of violence and desire in contemporary drama. The argument advanced here is that both plays, though distinct in setting and form, reveal the Lacanian subject’s perpetual struggle with desire, rooted in a constitutive lack and an unattainable objet petit a. In Cleansed, Kane depicts the eruption of the Real and the brutalization of the body, foregrounding jouissance in pain and the disintegration of the Imaginary self. In contrast, Arbery’s play examines the violence embedded in the Symbolic order, where ideological rigidity and the Gaze of the Other produce psychic torment and an attachment to signifiers that fail to secure wholeness. The study asks: How does Kane’s depiction of extreme violence reflect Lacanian symbolism? Why do Arbery’s characters shape desire and identity through the Imaginary? How do both plays expose the destructive impact of societal norms on subjectivity? Through close textual analysis, this research demonstrates how the body becomes the site where unconscious conflicts of violence, ideology, and desire are enacted and endured.
Political Theatre and the Politics of Care in James Baldwin's Blues for Mister Charlie and Lynn Nottage's Sweat: An Application of Paulo Freire's Pedagogy of the Oppressed
This paper examines the intersection of political theatre and the politics of care through James Baldwin’s Blues for Mister Charlie and Lynn Nottage’s Sweat, analysed within the framework of Paulo Freire’s Pedagogy of the Oppressed. It explores how both plays operate as performative expressions of Freirean praxis, staging the conflict between oppressors and the oppressed across racial and class-based hierarchies. Baldwin’s drama confronts systemic racism and calls for moral responsibility, while Nottage’s work critiques the instability of labour under neoliberalism and the erosion of worker solidarity. Central to both texts is a politics of care that positions theatre as a dialogic medium fostering empathy and critical consciousness. Through close textual analysis informed by Freirean concepts such as praxis and conscientization, this study demonstrates how theatre humanizes social conflict and encourages transformative awareness. By presenting the struggles of marginalized communities, Baldwin and Nottage invite audiences to reflect on their complicity in systems of oppression while envisioning possibilities for resistance and liberation. The analysis addresses three guiding questions: How does Baldwin’s play dramatize racialized power struggles through Freirean theory? In what ways are Freire’s concepts of praxis and critical consciousness enacted in both plays? How does a politics of care shape theatre as a dialogic space that cultivates empathy, audience participation, and potential social transformation?
Book Review: Conference Interpreting: A Student’s Practice Book (2nd Edition)
Margret Atwood's The Handmaid’s Tale: A Foucauldian Critical Analysis
This paper examines Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale (1985) through a Foucauldian lens, focusing on power, surveillance, discipline, and biopolitics in the dystopian state of Gilead. Drawing on Michel Foucault’s concepts of disciplinary power, panopticism, and governmentality, it analyzes how the theocracy regulates women’s bodies through ideological, spatial, and institutional apparatuses. Rather than treating Atwood’s novel as mere dystopian fiction, the study reads it as a speculative critique of patriarchal and authoritarian structures in contemporary society, aligned with Foucault’s concerns about the interplay of knowledge and power and the disciplining of bodies. The study asks: What new norms are produced in Gilead? How does the novel reflect Foucauldian notions of power, discipline, and surveillance? How is panopticism embedded in state machinery? How is the female body regulated under biopolitical control, and how does resistance emerge? Using qualitative methodology and close textual analysis, the research explores how surveillance in Gilead fosters both coercion and consent, producing self-regulation among Handmaids. Findings suggest that Gilead operates as a panoptic society where power functions through internalized discipline as much as external force. Yet traces of resistance, particularly in Offred’s fragmented narration and rebellious memory, demonstrate that total authority remains contested. Ultimately, Atwood’s novel exposes the fragile artifice of absolute power, offering a Foucauldian dissection of domination and resistance within dystopian and real-world contexts.
The Role of Creative Thinking in Education
This paper examines the concept of creative thinking by firstly summarizing its core elements: the definitions and cognitive processes involved (divergent vs. convergent thinking), the importance of intuitive and logical reasoning in generating novel and useful ideas, and the distinction between passive and active creative thought. It then reviews the theoretical foundations, outlining how scholars like Torrance, Sternberg, and Lubart characterize creativity—emphasizing problem identification, hypothesis testing, and the refinement of ideas—and presents various educational approaches (e.g., Feuerstein’s Instrumental Enrichment, Lipman’s Philosophy for Children, Six Thinking Hats) that aim to foster creative skills. Secondly, the essay discusses how other researchers (e.g., De Cássia et al., Villegas, Campos et al.) integrate creative thinking into both classroom and workplace environments, highlighting the role of guided discovery strategies, multidisciplinary projects, and digital tools in enhancing students’ curiosity and inventiveness. It evaluates criticisms and challenges, such as the difficulty of measuring creative outcomes and the resistance within traditional school cultures, and offers the author’s own reflections on balancing assessment with freedom of expression. Furthermore, the paper considers the advantages and characteristics of creative thinking—its capacity to solve open-ended problems, promote deeper learning, and drive innovation across domains—and explores discussions on the development and importance of creativity in the 21st century. Finally, it concludes that while significant progress has been made in embedding creative thinking into educational and professional contexts, ongoing efforts are needed to reshape teaching methods, workplace training, and institutional cultures to fully realize creativity’s potential.
The Study of English-Arabic Simultaneous Interpreting Analysis of Culture-Specific Terms: US Presidential Debates as a Case Study
This paper explores the issues and strategies involved in the simultaneous interpretation of culturally specific terms from English into Arabic in U.S. presidential debates. Qualitative and descriptive in nature, this study explores the interpretations of ten culturally embedded terms in two debates: the 2008 debate between Barack Obama and John McCain, and the 2016 debate between Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton. It implements Vinay and Darbelnet's (1958) strategies of translation, Newmark's (1988) taxonomy of cultural words, and Baker's (1992) strategies for dealing with non-equivalence. The results show the appropriate balance between linguistic and cultural comprehensibility where interpreters used literal translation, paraphrasing, adaptation, and clarification to different extents. While direct translations tend to retain rhetorical values, they might alienate audiences not familiar with U.S. socio-political contexts. While paraphrased and adapted interpretations are more accessible, they can also be distorting. This study shows the complexity of maintaining the balance among cultural sensitivity, linguistic accuracy, and real-time constraints during high-stakes political discourse. The findings in this paper add to Translation Studies the emphasis on the interpreter as a cultural mediator who needs to make dynamic choices of strategy in view of the needs of the intended audience and the communicative context. Future research could be done on audience reception and expand the analysis to diverse interpreting contexts.
The Study of English-Arabic Translation Analysis of Genetically Modified Food: WHO Website Reports as a Case Study
The study examines English-Arabic translation analysis of genetically modified (GM) food terminology, taking World Health Organization (WHO) website reports as a case study. The research aims to examine translation accuracy, linguistic issues, and cultural problems in conveying scientific information on GM foods from English to Arabic. Applying Vinay and Darbelnet's model of translation analysis on the basis of direct and oblique approaches to translation, this study examines the degree to which WHO's reports are successful in communicating specialized terminology in Arabic. The research addresses main questions: What are the key problems in translating GM food terms from English to Arabic? How do cultural and linguistic differences impact the translation's accuracy and comprehensibility? And to what extent can the translated text maintain the intended meaning and tone of the original? Findings from this study can go towards the improvement of the clarity and effectiveness of Arabic scientific communication, especially of GM foods, by uncovering frequent pitfalls and providing guidelines for better translation practices.
The Wisdom of Foolish Character: Exploring The Role of The Foolish In Shakespeare's Twelfth Night and Stoppard's Rosencrantz And Guildenstern Are Dead
In literature, the clown or the Fool is considered an attractive character that has frequently caught the interest of modern critics and audiences. The humour or the Laughter of the Clown is used as a form of social activism, as it historically serves as a mechanism for critique and transformation by exposing the undesirable realities of society at particular moments in time. Moreover, it has been recognized as a crucial element of human communication and expression, with Charles Darwin recognizing it as a foundational feature of social interaction preceding speech. From antiquity to the modern era, folly has been manifested in various forms, from ancient jesters to contemporary clowns. This paper examines how Shakespeare and Stoppard utilize humour to provoke social change, specifically centring on the role of black humour portrayed by the Fool in Twelfth Night and Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead. Feste represents the artificial Fool in Twelfth Night, and Rosencrantz and Guildenstern represent the natural Fool in Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead. These characters expose the meaninglessness of life, reject social norms, and highlight the limitation of man's thinking through their wit and ridicule actions in both Elizabethan and modern eras.meaningless
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of English Language for Linguistics and Literary Studies
The Role of Global Integration in Shaping Translation Dynamics: A Focus on English-Arabic and Arabic-English Translation
Global integration has become a defining force in shaping modern human existence, sparking continuous debate over its benefits and drawbacks. While some view it as a path toward political unity, economic growth, and cultural exchange, others remain skeptical of its long-term consequences. Among its many effects, global integration has notably diminished geographical distances and eased communication across cultures. A key outcome of this process is the global prevalence of American English, which has gained a dominant linguistic position. This rise has inevitably influenced other languages, including Arabic. This study investigates the impact of global integration on the relationship between English and Arabic, particularly in the field of translation. It seeks to determine whether this interconnectedness has facilitated the translation process or introduced new linguistic and cultural complexities.
Dwight MacDonalds Theory of Mass Culture: A Comprehensive Overview
This paper discusses Dwight Macdonald’s “Theory of Mass Culture” by firstly summarising its content; this entails what MacDonald means by mass culture, why he prefers the term “mass” over popular, mass culture about High Culture, why is mass culture different from folk culture and the attempts made to keep mass culture in check Secondly, the current essay also discusses how the term mass culture was defined by other scholars like Krzysztof Teodor Toeplitz and Wladyslaw Kopalinski the criticism that has been put forward against this theory in addition to my own thoughts on the matter. Furthermore, it considers the advantages and characteristics of mass culture. And this paper also focuses on the various discussions regarding the development and importance of mass culture. By his own admission, MacDonald rejects any good merits attached to The Mass Culture, stating that the drawbacks are by far more potent than any good that mass culture can bring to the table. The thoughts put forth by MacDonald are compelling, to say the least. Thus, I find myself agreeing with MacDonald in that the future of mass culture looks dismal; however, there is hope that they can coexist.
Developing Digital Content based on Articulate Storyline and Google Classroom and their Effectiveness on Tenth Graders' English Language Writing Skills in Al-Karak Directorate
The study aimed to develop digital content using Articulate Storyline and Google Classroom and their effectiveness in writing skills among tenth grade students in Karak directorate. A quasi-experimental research approach was utilized. The study sample consisted of (68) male students that was distributed into three groups; the first experimental group was taught using the Articulate Storyline software, the second experimental group was taught utilizing Google Classroom application, the control group was taught using the conventional teaching method. The study instrument included a 20-item multiple-choice writing skill test prepared using the Articulate Storyline software and the Google Classroom application by appropriating Module One “Starting Out" and Unit One “A New Business Idea”. The study instrument’ validity and reliability was also checked. The study indicated that there were statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the first experimental group which was taught using the Articulate Storyline software and the control group which was taught utilizing the conventional method in writing tests in favor of the experimental group that was taught using the Articulate Storyline software. The study also showed that there were statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the second experimental group that was taught using the Google Classroom application and the control group that was taught utilizing the conventional method in writing tests in favor of the experimental group that was taught using the Google Classroom software. Besides, the study demonstrated that there were statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the first experimental group that was taught using the Articulate Storyline software, and the second experimental group that was taught utilizing the Google Classroom software in writing test, in favor of the experimental group that was taught using the Articulate Storyline software. Given the said results, the current research study recommends tenth-grade English language teachers to use Articulate Storyline software and Google Classroom application due to their clear impact on developing writing skills.
Rasha Omar Mohammad Al-Qatawneh Al-Qatawneh
Localization of Video Games and AI terms from English into Arabic, using Detroit: Become Human as a Case Study- PS4 Version
This paper discusses the localization of the video game "Detroit: Become Human" from English into Arabic, assessing the challenges arising from translating interactive stories and technical vocabulary for Arabic-speaking gamers. Its objective is to determine the effectiveness of localization techniques in terms of their impact on player engagement and narrative coherence. The research questions are double: how successful the localizers have been in adapting the game to Arabic, and the methods used in translating English tech terminology. In this study, a qualitative approach to content analysis is used, where the research looks at various game samples, such as dialogues and menu selections, to assess translation accuracy. Preliminary findings indicate that while there are great achievements in localization, discrepancies and errors in translation stand in the way of player engagement.
An Analysis of Qur'anic Ayas of Waw al-Thamaniya: A Corpus-Based Study of Arabic-English Translation
This study investigates the Waw al-Thamaniya phenomenon in the Qur'anic text and its impact on Arabic-English translation. Waw al-Thamaniya, a stylistic feature in Arabic, is conventionally linked with carrying the meaning of enumeration and emphasizing the number eight within a sequence. This paper discusses how this subtle linguistic feature is carried out in English translations of the Qur'an, and to what degree the stylistic and semantic functions of Waw al-Thamaniya have been preserved or lost. Using a corpus-based approach, this research explores selected Qur'anic ayas containing Waw al-Thamaniya, presenting their translations into some major English versions of the Qur'an. This research paper will draw on translation theories, in particular those dealing with the issue of equivalence and functional shifts, to examine the practice followed by translators in handling such linguistic and cultural intricacy. It focuses on the challenges of presenting Waw al-Thamaniya in a target language with different syntactic and stylistic norms, and it provides insight into the strategies employed to meet these challenges. The paper is also a contribution to the broader field of Qur'anic translation studies, with an emphasis on the interplay between linguistic specificity and translation fidelity.
Exploring Trauma: Trauma Theory Perspective on Kurt Vonnegut’s Slaughterhouse-Five
This paper explores that Kurt Vonnegut’s “Slaughterhouse-Five” is a powerful reflection of how war trauma affects individuals. Using trauma theory, it shows how the main character, Billy Pilgrim, represents the confusion and emotional struggles of someone who has survived trauma. The novel’s unusual structure, where events are told out of order and often end with the phrase “So it goes,” mirrors the way traumatic memories disrupt a person's sense of time and reality. The study aims to show how Vonnegut’s storytelling style helps readers understand the psychological effects of trauma, especially PTSD. It explores how Billy Pilgrim’s experience of being "unstuck in time" is similar to the flashbacks and memory disruptions that many trauma survivors face. The paper has key questions include: How does the novel show different ways of dealing with trauma? How does its disjointed structure reflect the mental state of someone suffering from trauma? And how does the novel challenge traditional ideas about war and heroism? The study involves a close reading of “Slaughterhouse-Five” through trauma theory. This approach focuses on analyzing how Vonnegut’s narrative techniques, like repetition and non-linear storytelling, capture the fragmented experience of trauma survivors. By examining these literary devices, the study aims to show how trauma is represented in the novel. The paper will end with a conclusion that sums up the results of the analysis.
Exploring the Difficulties Faced by Students in Practicing ELT at Schools
This study has been carried out at Alfarahidi University, Baghdad (Iraq) in an attempt to find out the leading problems in teaching English in Iraqi schools from the perspectives of the students who practice teaching English as part of their graduation requirements in the College of Education – English Department. The study used a qualitative method to investigate the teaching and learning challenges faced by the participants as teachers. An in-depth interview was used as an instrument to collect data of this study. The study has shown that there are many reasons beyond the flaws in English learning and teaching. For example; lack of learners' interest in English, limited facilities for learning, short period of teaching practice, and the school administration’s lack of interest in allowing the college students to practice their tasks as teachers. The study recommended that colleges should allow students to practice teaching frequently, for example, by frequently letting them visit schools throughout the year. The school administrations must cooperate and be responsible for the students who practice teaching.
The Study of English-Arabic Video Game Localization Assassin's Creed Mirage as a Model
Video game localization is one of the integral types of audiovisual translation studies because it is a widely used product worldwide. The current study is about analyzing the English-Arabic subtitling of the video game Assassin’s Creed: Mirage. The study aims to shed light on the nature of the Arabic-localized product. It raises the following questions: First, is the subtitle translation into Arabic for the game Assassin's Creed adequate in terms of sentence structure and meaning? And what are the strategies used in subtitling from English to Arabic? The study counts on a model of analysis to analyze the video game localized version. The analysis answered the questions of the study.
The Study of English-Arabic Amateur Subtitling Analysis The Nun Movie Part One as a Model
Audiovisual translation is one of the most needed topics in the present day due to the fact that it facilitates communication among people of different cultures through multimodal products such as movies, series, interviews, TV shows, etc. It is of different kinds; the most notable ones are subtitles, dubbing, and voiceovers. The current study is concerned with the subtitling produced by fans (amateur subtitlers) in rendering the 2018 American movie “The Nun I" into Arabic. The researcher chooses three available Arabic subtitle versions of the movie mentioned above for analysis on the Subscene Site. The study aims to shed light on English-Arabic idiomatic expressions. It raises the following questions: how do the subtitlers whose products are selected for analysis render the movies idiomatic expressions into Arabic? what are the strategies used in the process of subtitling? The study is based on an eclectic model of analysis. The study answered the question of the study through the conclusion.
A Semiotic Analysis Study of Product Advertisements
Advertising influences decisions and creates meaning and ideal images of human beings. Cosmetics and other beauty products, which are obviously used as beautifiers, are generally intended to help people pave the way to belong to a particular social group. The aim of this study is to investigate the features of advertisements that try to convey the consumer and to find out whether men and women are still depicted in stereotypical ways. To achieve these aims, it is hypothesised that advertising is often criticised for its stereotypical portrayal of gender and the objectification of women in terms of sexuality, to see the issue of advertising from a more economical point of view. The analysis of advertisements according to Leech (2008) Semiotic analysis. The data was five selected from products such as Revlon, Nivea, Pantene, and Lancôme. The paper concluded that a sterile, scientific environment is not as important in beauty commercials as nature and a natural appearance. Moreover, Female models who are connected with glamour are portrayed as being highly self-assured and stunning. All advertisements with female models do prominently emphasize nature. "Nature" is promoted as a component of the goods or as a means of enhancing nature (e.g. cosmetics). The procedures followed in this study include breaking down the study into five section: an introduction, a theoretical background part containing a detailed overview about the concepts of semiotics; a methodological part encompasses the data selected with the model chosen; the fourth one is data analysis and then a conclusion.
Evolving Dynamics of Arabic Language in The Global Era
In the contemporary era of globalization, the communication revolution has significantly impacted linguistic dynamics, leading to a reevaluation of language roles and identities. This paper explores the sociolinguistic outlook on Arabic in the modern age, examining the shifts in attitudes, usage, and prestige associated with different language variants. This paper, moreover, offers a sociolinguistic analysis of the language contact between English and Arabic in online contexts. It delves into the sociocultural and sociopolitical factors within the Arab world that both instigated and were influenced by this language convergence, projecting a potential evolution of Arabic in the coming decades. Furthermore, it explores the sociolinguistic dynamics shaping social interactions within and among Arab virtual communities online.
From Earth to Page: Ecofeminist Themes in Diane Wilson's 'The Seed Keeper' and Margaret Atwood's “The Handmaid’s Tale”
This paper examines the ecofeminist themes present in Diane Wilson's novel "The Seed Keeper" and Margaret Atwood’s “The Handmaid’s Tale”. Ecofeminism, a theoretical framework that explores the interconnectedness of feminism and environmentalism, forms the basis of the analysis. It highlights the ways in which these authors address the intertwined oppressions of women and nature. The paper explores the concept of seed preservation and the nurturing of life as metaphors for both feminist resistance and environmental stewardship in Wilson's "the Seed Keeper." Through the lens of ecofeminism, the researcher analyzes how the characters in Atwood's "The Handmaid's Tale," navigates oppressive patriarchal systems while also grappling with the exploitation and degradation of the natural world. Drawing on ecofeminist theories, the paper examines the ways in which these texts challenge dominant power structures, expose the intersections between gender and environmental issues, and offer alternative visions of a more equitable and sustainable future. It analyzes the characters' agency, resistance, and resilience in the face of patriarchal oppression and environmental destruction, exploring how their experiences reflect broader ecofeminist concerns. It uncovers how Wilson and Atwood employ the characters relations, and struggle to engage readers in critical reflections on gender, power, and the environment. By exploring the interconnectedness of gender and the environment, one gains insights into the potential for feminist and environmental activism, and envisions more inclusive and sustainable futures.
A Suggested Course for Enhancing the Pragmatic Awareness of Interpreting Implicatures by University EFL Learners
Raising the pragmatic awareness of interpreting implicature through explicit instruction in EFL settings using Grice’s (1975) has attracted the attention of scholars. However, the application of the theory in actual teaching environments has faced some theoretical challenges and practical difficulties, though the application more often than not involved EFL learners with advanced proficiency in English. While Grice’s (1975) theory has impacted the teaching of implicature, it is not in itself sufficient for a course of interpreting implicature in EFL settings, not to mention the settings of university large multi-level classrooms, an area of research which, up to the researcher’s knowledge, has not been given due attention. This study is a conceptual one based on logical reasoning and existing knowledge. It proposes that the teaching of Grice’s theory avoids the theoretical complications and concentrates instead on the logical underpinning of the theory with a gestalt view of the cooperative principle, maxims, and the non-observance of the pertinent maxims. It also suggests that this theoretical framework be supplemented with a model of intercultural interaction to remedy the culture-bound aspect of implicature. It, therefore, aims to present such a model together with the inclusion of authentic multi-media interactions as teaching material to bridge this gap. On the basis of this theoretical framework, the study offers a course that seeks to provide EFL students with the knowledge and abilities needed to raise their pragmatic awareness to understand implicature, using Grice’s (1975) theory in a simplistic theoretical framework, a model for intercultural interaction, multi-media authentic teaching materials, and some techniques to address the issue of large multi-level classes in EFL settings at the university level.